• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COVERING A WELL HOLE The invention provides a system for lining a well bore. The system comprises an extensible tubular element arranged in the well hole, the tubular element having a first end part and a second end part by means of which the second end part extends to a tubular wall located in the well hole. An expander is arranged to radially expand the tubular element by moving the expander through the tubular element in a direction from the first end part to the second end part, said direction which defines an expansion direction. The system further comprises an anchor arranged to anchor said second end part to the tubular wall in such a way that the anchor substantially prevents movement of said second end part in the expansion direction and allows movement of said second end part in the direction opposite the direction of expansion.
    公开号:BR112013018308B1
    申请号:R112013018308-0
    申请日:2012-01-30
    公开日:2021-02-23
    发明作者:Daniele Di Crescenzo；Antonius Leonardus Maria Wubben；Djurre Hanszijsling
    申请人:Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a system for coating a borehole, the system comprising an extensible tubular element arranged in the borehole. The well bore is, for example, a well bore for the production of hydrocarbon fluid.
    [0002] During conventional wellbore drilling, sections of the wellbore are drilled and provided with a liner or liner in subsequent steps. At each stage, a drill column is lowered through the liners already installed in the well hole, and a new well hole section is drilled below the installed liners or liners. In view of this procedure, each liner that must be installed in a newly drilled well hole section must pass through a previously installed liner. Therefore, the new ceiling has a smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the previous ceiling.
    [0003] As a consequence, the diameter of the borehole available for the production of hydrocarbon fluid decreases with depth. For relatively deep wells this consequence can lead to small impractical diameters.
    [0004] In conventional well hole terminology, the word "liner" refers to a tubular member that extends from the surface to the well hole, and the word "liner" refers to a tubular member that extends from a downhole location to the well hole. However, in the context of this description, references to "lining" and "lining" are made without such an implied difference.
    [0005] It has been proposed to overcome the problem of smaller stepped internal diameters of the well hole lining through the use of a system by means of which an extensible tubular element is lowered into the well hole and then radially expanded to a larger diameter which uses an expander which is pulled, driven or pumped through the tubular element.
    [0006] US-2004/0231860-A1 describes such a system by which an end portion of an extensible tubular element is first expanded against the well hole wall in order to anchor the end portion to the bore hole wall. pit. An inflatable packer suspended from a distribution column is used to expand the end portion. Then the distribution column is recovered to the surface, and a working column provided with an expander is lowered into the well hole to expand the rest of the tubular element.
    [0007] It is a disadvantage of the known system that separate columns need to be run into the well hole to anchor the end portion of the tubular element to the well hole wall and then to expand the rest of the tubular element with the expander. In addition, during expansion with the expander, the expansion forces are relatively high since the expander moves away from an anchored end portion so that the tubular element is expanded under axial tensile forces.
    [0008] US-3162245 describes a method and apparatus for adjusting a metallic coating within a liner in a well. The device is used on a cable line. By igniting a propellant, the propellant gases press slides actuated hydraulically against the ceiling wall. At the same time, the gas pressure is applied to a hydraulic cylinder and piston where it acts to force an expander cone through a corrugated tube that expands the tube out against the liner. When the cone reaches a stem, the pressure on the stem acts as a triggering mechanism which detonates a detonating charge to destroy a cylinder that can be ventilated as well as said stem.
    [0009] Disadvantages of the US-3162245 apparatus include its single use, due to the destruction of the cylinder and rod. Debris will remain in the well bore, possibly causing an obstruction. In addition, the device is designed for use on a cable line, and all forces to expand the corrugated tube are handled in a closed loop system within the device's piston-cylinder assembly. The slides are not included in said cycle and are not suitable for exerting expansion forces in the axial direction of the ceiling.
    [00010] It is an objective of the invention to provide an improved system for the coating of a borehole, which overcomes the disadvantage of the prior art.
    [00011] According to the invention a system is provided for the coating of a well hole, the system comprising an extensible tubular element arranged in the well hole, the tubular element having a first end part and a second end part by whereby the second end portion extends to a tubular wall located in the well bore, an expander arranged to radially expand the tubular element by moving the expander through the tubular element in a direction from the first end part to the second end part, said direction defining an expansion direction, the system further comprising an anchor arranged to anchor said second end part to the tubular wall in such a way that the anchor substantially prevents movement of said second end part in the direction of expansion and allows movement of said second end part in the opposite direction to the direction of expansion O.
    [00012] The anchor provides the necessary reaction force to counteract the expansion forces exerted on the tubular element by the expander, so there is no need for a separate column to first expand an end portion of the tubular element against the borehole wall. well to provide the necessary reaction force. At the same time, the anchor compensates for the axial shortening of the tubular element during the expansion process allowing the second end part to move in the opposite direction to the expansion direction. In addition, the expansion forces are relatively low since the tubular element is expanded under axial compression due to the expander being moved towards the anchor.
    [00013] Suitably, the anchor is provided with an anchor body and at least one anchor member arranged to secure said tubular wall through a selected movement of the anchor body in the direction of expansion, and in which the anchor member anchor is arranged to release said tubular wall through a selected movement of the anchor body in the opposite direction to the expansion direction. For example, the anchor can be provided with a plurality of said anchor members mutually spaced in the circumferential direction of the anchor.
    [00014] To allow easy lowering of the anchor to the well bore, it is preferred that each anchor member is movable between a radially extended position in which the anchor member is extended against said tubular wall and a radially retracted position in which the anchor member is retracted from said tubular wall.
    [00015] Each anchor member is preferably controlled from the surface by an elongated column that extends from the surface to the anchor, where the elongated column is arranged to cooperate with the anchor in order to move each anchor member between the extended position and the retracted position of the same.
    [00016] Properly each anchor member is movable to the extended position through an activation parameter selected from the hydraulic pressure in the elongated column, a sequence of rotations and / or translations of the elongated column, and a combination of hydraulic pressure in the elongated column and a sequence of rotations and / or translations of the elongated column. The elongated column can be, for example, a perforation column.
    [00017] In an exemplary embodiment, the drilling column (or other elongated column) passes through a central passage of the anchor body, through which the drilling column is provided with a mandrel arranged in the central passage. The mandrel is temporarily connected to the anchor body by one or more shear pins which are arranged to break through the hydraulic pressure action in the hole in the elongated column. Thus, with the failure of the shear pins, the anchor body is disconnected from the drilling column. At the same time, hydraulic pressure induces each anchor member to be moved to its radially extended position.
    [00018] In an alternative embodiment, the mandrel is provided with at least one pin, by means of which each pin can move through a corresponding groove J-shaped provided on the internal surface of the anchor body, comparable to the mechanism at one point spherical. During the run from the assembly to the well bore, the pins carry the anchor through the slots formed in lock J. Since the assembly is at a target depth, a sequence of column rotation (s) and translation (s) Drill allows each pin to pass through the corresponding groove and release the anchor body from the mandrel. To activate the anchor members, the top of the anchor body is provided with friction blocks which drag along the surrounding tubular wall when the anchor moves in relation to the surrounding wall. Thus, when the anchor is moved upward by the tubular element which must be expanded, the drag force between the friction blocks and the surrounding wall causes each anchor member to be driven radially outward to engage with the surrounding wall.
    [00019] In a preferred embodiment the elongated column is provided with a release connection and the anchor is provided with a release device, the release connection and the release device being arranged to cooperate with each other in order to induce the limb. anchor to move to the stowed position by pushing the release connection against the release device.
    [00020] To ensure that the expander is properly positioned before being driven into the tubular element, the system preferably includes a centralizer to center the expander in relation to the tubular element, the centralizer that extends on said first end part of the tubular element and being releasably connected to it. Suitably the centralizer is adapted to be released from the first end portion of the tubular element by pushing the expander through the tubular element in the direction of expansion.
    [00021] In practice there will be an annular space between the tubular element and the well hole wall, which can be filled with cement to seal against rock formation and to fix the tubular element in the well hole after expansion. In order to prevent the flow back of fluid cement into the tubular element during expansion of the tubular element, it is preferred that the tubular element is provided with sealing means to seal the annular space, the sealing means including a folding wall section of the tubular element, the folding wall section having reduced folding stiffness in relation to a remaining wall section of the tubular element and being deformable from an unfolded to a folded mode by applying a compressive folding force to the tubular element, wherein the foldable wall section when in the folded mode comprises at least one annular fold which extends radially outwards to said annular space. Due to the foldable wall section, the tubular element can be lowered into the well hole with the foldable wall section in the unfolded mode. Then the section of the folding wall can be deformed to the folded mode. Thus, the sealing means do not form an obstruction during the lowering process and therefore there will be a reduced risk that the tubular element will become trapped during the lowering process.
    [00022] In a preferred embodiment said wall section of reduced bending stiffness comprises a wall section of reduced thickness in relation to said remaining wall section. For example, the wall section of reduced thickness in the folded mode thereof comprises a plurality of folds in an accordion shape.
    [00023] In order to initiate the folding of the reduced wall thickness section at a predetermined location and / or to reduce the magnitude of the folding force during an initial stage of the folding process, it is preferred that the reduced wall thickness section it is provided with a relatively small annular groove that extends in the circumferential direction along at least one of the inner surface and the outer surface of the reduced wall thickness section.
    [00024] Furthermore, the wall section of reduced bending stiffness may comprise a plurality of annular grooves formed in the tubular element, each fold having an upper leg extending between a first annular groove and a second annular groove, and a lower leg extending between the second annular groove and a third annular groove.
    [00025] An expansion force must be applied to the expander in order to move the expander through the tubular element during the radial expansion of the tubular element. It is preferred that the reduced bending stiffness of the folding wall section is selected such that the magnitude of said bending force is less than the magnitude of the expansion force. In this way it is achieved that the section of the folding wall is deformed to the folded mode by the compressive force exerted by the expander before the expander begins to expand the tubular element. This is advantageous since each fold formed in this way is further expanded while the expander passes through the fold. As a result, the folded wall section has a relatively large expansion ratio.
    [00026] In an attractive embodiment of the system of the invention, said first end part is a lower end part of the tubular element, and said second end part is an upper end part of the tubular element.
    [00027] The anchor is properly referred to as "top anchor". To ensure that the first end portion of the tubular element remains at a selected depth during the expansion process, and thus provides a reference point for the next tubular element to be installed in the well bore, it is preferred that the first part of end is provided with a bottom anchor adapted to anchor the first end part to the well hole wall as a result of the radial expansion of said first end part by the expander. With the first end part anchored to the well hole wall by the bottom anchor, the axial shortening of the tubular element due to the expansion process is accommodated by the top anchor which allows the second end part of the tubular element to move in the direction opposite the direction of expansion.
    [00028] The invention will be described hereinafter in greater detail and by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    [00029] Fig. 1 schematically shows, in the longitudinal section, a modality of the system for coating a well hole according to the invention, by means of which an extensible tubular element extends into the well hole;
    [00030] Fig. 2 schematically shows a detail of a top anchor of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
    [00031] Fig. 3 schematically shows a first embodiment of a lower wall portion of the tubular element;
    [00032] Fig. 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of a lower wall portion of the tubular element;
    [00033] Fig. 5 schematically shows a third embodiment of a lower wall portion of the tubular element;
    [00034] Fig. 6 schematically shows a fourth embodiment of a lower wall portion of the tubular element;
    [00035] Fig. 7 schematically shows the fourth embodiment after folding the lower wall portion;
    [00036] Fig. 8 schematically shows a fifth embodiment of a lower wall portion of the tubular element;
    [00037] Fig. 9 schematically shows the fifth embodiment after folding the lower wall portion;
    [00038] Fig. 10 schematically shows a detail of a bottom anchor of the embodiment of Fig. 1;
    [00039] Fig. 11 schematically shows the bottom anchor during the radial expansion of the tubular element;
    [00040] Fig. 12 schematically shows a perspective view of the bottom anchor;
    [00041] Fig. 13 schematically shows the mode of Fig. 1 after the cement has been pumped into the well hole and the top anchor has been extended against a liner in the well hole;
    [00042] Fig. 14 schematically shows the mode of Fig. 1 during the radial expansion of the tubular element; and
    [00043] Fig. 15 shows an alternative embodiment of the system of the invention.
    [00044] In the following detailed description, similar reference numerals refer to similar components.
    [00045] With reference to Fig. 1, a well hole 1 is shown that extends to a land formation 2. The well hole 1 is provided with a liner 3 or similar tubular element which has been cemented into the well hole 1 An open hole section 4 of well hole 1 extends below the liner 3. Reference numeral 5 indicates the wall of the open pit hole section 4. An extensible tubular element in the form of expandable casing 6 is suspended in the section open hole bore 4. An annular space 7 is formed between the expandable liner 6 and the well bore wall 5.
    [00046] The liner 6 has a first end part or downward end part 16 and a second end part or upward end end part 8. The second end part 8 extends to the liner 3. Through this specification, an upper end may indicate a rising hole end, while the lower end may be used to indicate a rising hole end in any of the described features.
    [00047] A drilling column 10 extends from a drilling rig, or reconditioning equipment, on the surface (not shown) to well hole 1 and passes through the inner space of the liner 6. The drilling column 10 it is at its downhole end provided with a conical expander 12 adapted to radially expand the casing 6. The equipment is adapted to propel the drill string 10 with the expander 12 connected to it towards the surface through the casing 6. Towards the surface here can imply in the upward direction as well as partially horizontal direction. The drill string 10 is additionally provided with an on / off connection 11 which allows the drill string 10 to be disconnected from the expander 12 if necessary.
    [00048] The diameter of the expander 12 is such that the expander 12 will expand the upper end 8 of the liner 6 forcibly against the inner surface of the liner 3 so that a tight connection is achieved between the upper end 8 of the liner 6 and the liner 3. The drill column 10 and the expander 12 have a common central hole 13 which provides fluid communication between a surface pumping installation (not shown) and the open pit hole section 4. The central hole 13 is provided with a dart catcher 14 (or ball catcher) to receive a dart (or a ball) that can be pumped through the central hole 13 of the drill string 10.
    [00049] As shown in Fig. 1, the expander 12 is positioned below the liner 6 before the expansion of the liner has started. The expander 12 is at its upper end provided with a centralizer 15 to center the expander 12 with respect to the liner 6. The centralizer 15 extends to a second end portion 16 of the liner 6. Said second end 16 is a downward hole or lower end. The centralizer is connected to the liner 6 by a releasable connection (not shown), for example one or more shear pins. The releasable connection automatically disconnects when the drill column 10 pushes the expander 12 upward through the liner 6. So before the expansion of the liner 6 begins, the liner 6 is supported in the well hole 1 by the drill liner 10. Here the weight of the liner 6 is transferred through the expander 12 to the drilling column 10. In addition, the drilling column 10 is provided with a release connection 18 arranged a short distance above the centralizer 15. The function of the release connection 18 will be explained here below.
    [00050] The upper end of the liner 6 is provided with a top anchor 20 comprising an anchor body 22 and a plurality of mutually spaced anchor members 24 along the circumference of the anchor body 22. The top anchor 20 is connected releasably to the cladding 6 by the arms 26 extending from the anchor body 22 to the cladding 6 and fixed to the inner surface of the cladding 6.
    [00051] Fig. 2 shows a detail of the top anchor 20, which indicates one of the anchor members 24, the other anchor members being similar in design and functionality. The anchor member 24 has a serrated outer surface forming tooth 28, and an internal inclined surface 30 that rests against a corresponding inclined surface 32 of a support element 34. The inclined surface 30 and the corresponding inclined surface 32 are complementary in form. The anchor member 24 and the support element 34 are arranged in a chamber 36 of the anchor body 22, whereby both the anchor member 24 and the support element 34 are movable radially in the chamber 36 between a retracted position and an extended position. The anchor member 24, when in the extended position, extends radially outwardly from the chamber 36 and engages the inner surface of the liner 6. In the retracted position, the anchor member 24 is free from the inner surface of the liner 6. To move the anchor member 24 and the support element 34 between their respective positions retracted and extended, a hydraulic actuator 38 is provided in the chamber 36, the hydraulic actuator 38 being in fluid communication with the central hole 13 of the drilling column 10 in a location above the dart catcher 14 in order to allow the hydraulic actuator 38 to be controlled by the fluid pressure in the central hole of the drill string 10 when the central hole 13 is blocked by a dart (or ball) received in the catcher 14. The anchor top 20 is additionally provided with a release device (not shown) arranged to induce the support member 34 and the anchor member 24 to move to their respective retracted position a when the release connection 18 of the drill string 10 is pushed against the top anchor release device 20.
    [00052] Additionally, the anchor member 24 has some axial release in the chamber 36 in order to allow the anchor member 24 to slide in the axial direction a short distance along the inclined surface 32 of the support element 34. As a result of each sliding movement along the inclined surface 32, the anchor member 24 when in the extended position adheres firmly to the inner surface of the lining 3 if the anchor body 22 is moved up a short distance, and the anchor member 24 releases the surface inner lining 3 if the anchor body 22 is moved downwards. In this way it is achieved that the upper end part 8 of the liner 6 is allowed to move downwards due to axial shortening of the liner during radial expansion, while the top anchor 20 substantially prevents upward movement of the upper end part 8 of the liner. coating 6.
    [00053] In a practical embodiment, a ramp angle α of the inclined surface 32 is in the range of about 5 to 30 degrees, for example 8 to 20 degrees. An angle β, i.e., the top angle of the teeth 28 on the anchor members 24 is in the range of about 60 to 120 degrees. Here, a top surface of the teeth is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the drill string. A length or height L1 of the anchor member 24 is, for example, in the range of about 0.5 to 3 times the diameter of the expandable liner 6. The axial release L2, that is, the maximum strike length of the anchor members , is, for example, in the order of (host liner of diameter 3 - expandable liner of diameter 6) / 2 / tan (alpha):
    [00054] L2 = ~ (lining of diameter 3 - lining of diameter 6) / 2 / tan (α).
    [00055] The length of the height L3 of the chamber 36 is in the order of the length L1 of the anchor members 24 + the beat L2 of the anchor members 24.
    [00056] Reference is made in addition to Figs. 3 to 9 showing, in the longitudinal section, various modalities of a folding wall section 39 of the lower end part 16 of the cladding 6. In each embodiment, the reference numeral 40 indicates the central longitudinal axis of the cladding 6.
    [00057] In the first embodiment, shown in Fig. 3, an external annular groove 45 is formed on the external surface of the lower end part 16.
    [00058] In the second embodiment, shown in Fig. 4, an outer annular groove 46 is formed on the outer surface and two inner annular grooves 47, 48 are formed on the inner surface of the lower end part 16. The inner grooves 47, 48 are arranged symmetrically in relation to the external groove 46.
    [00059] In the third embodiment, shown in Fig. 5, an inner annular groove 49 is formed on the inner surface and two outer annular grooves 50, 51 are formed on the outer surface of the lower end part 16, the outer grooves 50, 51 being arranged symmetrically in relation to the internal groove 49.
    [00060] In the fourth embodiment, shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the folding wall section 39 includes an inner annular groove 52 on the inner surface and two outer annular grooves 53, 54 on the outer surface of the lower end part 16, the outer grooves 53, 54 being arranged symmetrically with respect to to the internal groove 52. The internal groove 52 tapers in the radially outward direction. Due to the presence of the groove rings 52, 53, 54, the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 is deformable from an unfolded mode (Fig. 6) to a folded mode (Fig. 7) through the application of a compressive force selected for the lower end part 16. In the folded mode, an annular bend 55 is formed at the lower end part 16 of the liner. The annular fold 55 has an upper leg 55a that extends between the outer groove 53 and the inner groove 52, and a lower leg 55b that extends between the inner groove 52 and the outer groove 54.
    [00061] Hereinafter here the compressive force that needs to be applied to the lower end part 16 to form the annular bend 55, is referred to as "bending force". It will be apparent that the magnitude of the bending force depends on the design characteristics of the lower end part 16, that is, the material properties of the cladding wall, the wall thickness, the depth and width of the groove rings, and the axial spacing between grooves. For example, the bending force decreases with the decrease in the bending stiffness of the cladding wall 6 or with the increase in the depth of the grooves 52, 53, 54. In addition, the bending force increases with the increase of the axial spacing between the grooves 52, 53, 54. It is preferred that these design characteristics are selected such that the bending force is less than the force required to pull the expander 12 through the coating 6 during the radial expansion of the coating 6, for the reason explained here below.
    [00062] The first, second and third modalities of the folding wall section described hereinafter with reference to Figs. 3 to 5, are deformable from an unfolded mode to a folded mode in a manner similar to the deformation of the foldable wall section of the fourth embodiment.
    [00063] In the fifth embodiment, shown in Figs. 8 and 9, the foldable wall section 39 is formed by a reduced wall thickness section 56 where the wall is recessed on both the inner surface and the outer surface. Due to the recessed wall section 56, the lower end part 16 of the cladding 6 is deformable from an unfolded mode (Fig. 8) to a folded mode (Fig. 9) by applying a compressive force selected to the lower end part 16 of the liner 6, compressive force which again is referred to as "bending force". In the folded mode, a plurality of annular folds are formed at the lower end part 16 of the liner. The present example shows two annular folds 57, 58 in an accordion shape, however, more annular folds can be formed in a simple way. The magnitude of the bending force depends on the design characteristics of the lower end part 16, that is, the material properties of the cladding wall, the wall thickness of the recessed section 56 of the cladding 6, and the axial length of the recessed section 56 For example, the bending force decreases with decreasing the bending stiffness of the recessed section 56 or with decreasing the wall thickness of the recessed section 56. It is preferred that these design characteristics are selected such that the bending force is magnitude less than the force required to pull the expander 12 through the liner 6 during the radial expansion of the liner 6, for the reason explained hereinafter.
    [00064] With reference in addition to Figs. 10 to 12, the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 is provided with bottom anchors 59, each bottom anchor 59 being adapted to engage the well bore wall 5 as a result of the radial expansion of the bottom end part 16 so as to that the lower end part 16 is anchored to the well bore wall 5. In Fig. 1, three such bottom anchors 59 are indicated. However, any other suitable number of bottom anchors 59 can be applied.
    [00065] Each bottom anchor 59 comprises an anchor arm 60 and a wedge member 62, both mounted on the outer surface of the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 and vertically offset from each other. The anchor arm 60 is provided with annular grooves 63a, 63b, 63c that form plastic joints that allow bending radially outward from the anchor arm. Although three annular grooves are shown, any other number of grooves can be applied depending on the circumstances. In addition, the anchor arm 60 has a fixed end 64 fixed to the outside of the liner 6, for example, by welding or other suitable means, and a free end 65 that extends towards the wedge member 62. The free end 65 , also referred to as "tip", is not attached to the outside of the liner 6 so that all anchor arms 60 except the fixed end 64 are free to move relative to liner 6. Anchor arm 60 can be constructed such that its internal diameter is the same as or greater than the unexpanded outer diameter of the coating 6.
    [00066] Similarly, the wedge member 62 includes a fixed end 66 fixed to the liner 6, for example by welding or other suitable means. The other free end of the wedge member 62 extends towards the anchor arm 60 and defines a strap 68 having a length LB. The strap 68 is not attached to the outside of the liner 6 and is free to move relative to the liner 6. At the free end, the wedge member 62 includes a ramp 70 that extends towards the anchor arm 60 and that touches or almost touches touches, the free end 65 of the anchor arm 60. The ramp 70 can be constructed with any desired surface angle and can be integral with or a separate part of the strap 68. The thickness of each wedge member 62 and anchor arm 60 it is a matter of design, but it is limited by the maximum diameter that can be allowed of the system before expansion.
    [00067] Each of the anchor arm 60 and wedge member 62 can have either an annular construction and / or a segmented construction. In a segmented construction, the anchor arm 60 and / or wedge member 62 may comprise longitudinal plates, rods or strips. As shown in Figure 12, the anchor arm 60 and the wedge member 62 each comprise, for example, eight strips 72, 74 respectively. Strips 72, 74 extend around the outer circumference of the liner 6. Optionally, the strips of the anchor arm 60 and / or the wedge member 62 include a segmented section, comprising strips or fingers 76 of a smaller width than the strips . The anchor arm and the wedge member may include any number of strips 72, 74 and / or corresponding fingers 76 suitable for the size of the liner 6.
    [00068] Hereinafter the normal operation of the system of Fig. 1 is explained by means of which it is assumed that the lower end part 16 of the cladding 6 is provided with the fourth modality of the folding wall section (shown in Figs. 6 and 7). The normal operation of the system, if provided with the other modalities of the folding wall section, is similar to the normal operation of the system provided with the fourth modality. In addition, it is assumed that the open pit hole section 4 has already been drilled using a conventional drilling column (not shown) which has been removed from well hole 1.
    [00069] During normal operation, the assembly formed by the drilling column 10, the expander 12, the centralizer 15, the expandable liner 6 and the top anchor 20 is lowered in the drilling column 10 into the well hole until the the larger part of the liner 6 is positioned in the open pit hole section 4 by means of which only the upper end portion 8 of the liner extends to the liner 3 (as shown in Fig. 1). The anchor members 24 of the top anchor 20 are in the stowed position during the lowering operation.
    [00070] With reference in addition to Fig. 13, in a next step a cement slurry is pumped from the surface through the central hole 13 of the drilling column 10 and the expander 12 to the open pit hole section 4. The cement slurry flows into the annular space 7 between the liner 6 and the well bore wall 5 to form a cement body 80 which is still in the fluid state. Then a dart (not shown) is pumped using a fluid stream, for example drilling fluid, through the central hole 13. When the dart enters the dart catcher 14, any additional fluid passage through the central hole 13 is blocked . As a result, a pressure pulse is generated in the fluid stream, which induces the actuators 38 to move the respective anchor members 24 to their extended position so that the anchor members 24 are engaged with the inner surface of the liner 6. The pressure of fluid in the fluid stream is then temporarily additionally increased to release the dart picker dart 14 and thereby restore the hydraulic connection between the open hole section 4 and the surface drilling rig.
    [00071] With reference in addition to Fig. 14, in a next step an upward pulling force is applied to the drilling column 10 so that the assembly formed by the drilling column 10, the expander 12, the centralizer 15, the expandable casing 6 and the top anchor 20 moves up an increment distance. While the anchor body 22 moves upwards, the anchor members 24 have a tendency to remain stationary due to friction between the anchor members 24 and the inner surface of the liner 6. As a result, the anchor members 24 slide downwards in in relation to the support elements 34 by means of which the anchor members 24 are forced radially outwards for a grip engagement with the inner surface of the liner 3. In this way the top anchor 20 is activated and prevents any further upward movement of the coating 6 in well bore 1.
    [00072] The upward pulling force applied from the surface to the drill string 10 is then further increased until the compressive force exerted by the expander 12 for the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 reaches the magnitude of the bending force. Reaching the folding force, the foldable wall section of the lower end part 16 moves from the unfolded mode to the folded mode by which the annular fold 55 is formed. The bend 55 extends radially outwardly from the remainder of the liner 6 and into the annular space 7. The bend 55 thus formed may contact the borehole wall 5 locally, however, which is not yet a requirement.
    [00073] After the bend 55 has been formed, the upward pulling force applied to the drill column 10 is further increased until the upward force exerted on the expander 12 reaches the magnitude of the expansion force which is the force necessary to pull the expander 12 through the liner 6 during the expansion of the liner 6. The expander 12 is thus pulled to the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 and begins to expand the liner 6. The centralizer 15 becomes automatically disconnected of the sheath 6 by virtue of the upward movement of the expander 12. If, for example, shear pins are used to connect the centralizer 15 to the sheath 6, such shear pins are sheared from the upward movement of the expander.
    [00074] As a result of the radial expansion of the lower end part 16 of the liner 6, the bend 55 is radially expanded and is thus compressed against the well bore wall 5. In this way the expanded annular bend 55 forms a sealing member which seals an upper portion 90 of the annular space 7 above the fold 55 from a lower portion 92 of the annular space below the fold 55. Since the fold 55 is formed at the lower end part 16 of the liner, which is closest from the wellbore bottom, the lower portion 92 of the annular space is of less volume in relation to the upper portion 90. Because of the bend 55 that forms a sealing member, no substantial reverse flow of fluid cement 80 from the upper portion 90 of the annular space 7 to the lower portion 92 occurs during further expansion of the coating 6.
    [00075] The expansion process then proceeds by pulling the expander 12 further upwards through the coating 6. The coating 6 is subjected to axial shortening due to the expansion process. Therefore, while the expander 12 passes through the lower end part 16 of the liner, at each bottom anchor 59 the axial distance between the fixed end 64 of the anchor arm 60 and the fixed end 66 of the wedge member 62 decreases. As a result, the free end 65 of the anchor arm slides onto the ramp 70 and towards the borehole wall 5, thereby overlapping the ramp 70 and extending radially outwardly from the liner 6. Preferably, the length of the anchor arm 60 is selected such that the free end 65 of it engages the borehole wall 5 for the time that the expander 12 passes the ramp 70.
    [00076] Expander 12 subsequently progresses beyond ramp 70, and coating 6 continues to expand and shorten in the position of the expander. Due to the shortening, the fixed end 64 of the wedge member 62 moves towards the anchor arm 60, and as a result the ramp 70 is propelled against the anchor arm 60. If the radial force at the free end of the anchor arm 60 , which is induced by the shortening of the coating 6 due to its expansion, is greater than the strength or local hardness of the formation, the tip of the anchor arm 60 at the free end of it will penetrate further into the formation.
    [00077] However, if said radial force is less than or equal to the strength or local hardness of the formation, the tip 65 of the anchor arm 60 will be unable to penetrate further into the formation. In that case, the anchor arm 60 will be held in place by the formation and ramp 70 in turn will be held in place by the anchor arm 60. With the strap 68 of the wedge member 62 unable to slide further along the outside of the liner 6 , no further shortening can occur. The final distance between the fixed end 66 of the wedge member 62 and the fixed end 64 of the anchor arm 60 is achieved since the expansion device has moved beyond the fixed end 66 of the wedge member 62. If the free end of the wedge member 62, which comprises the ramp 70, is held in place by the anchor arm, the maximum load that is applied to the wall of the cladding 6 is almost equal to the load called fixed - fixed. The fixed - fixed load is the local load that is applied to the facing wall when the expander 12 moves between two points to which the facing is fixed, such that the facing cannot shorten between the two points. As the fixed - fixed load can be determined in advance, for example during laboratory tests, the anchor arm 60 of the invention can be designed such that the radial force exerted in the formation does not exceed the maximum radial load that can be allowed applied to the wall of the cladding 6. Thus, the anchor arm of the present invention ensures that the cladding wall can be strong enough to withstand the maximum radial force during expansion, so that the wall will remain substantially circular (in cross section) when the arm anchor hitch formation. This modality allows the cladding 6 to be designed in order to avoid collapse, even in the event that the formation is very difficult to receive the anchor arm 60, while the maximum load on the cladding wall will not exceed the fixed - fixed load, which can be calculated or at least determined empirically. In this way, collapse, rupture or damage similar to the cladding wall is prevented from occurring during the expansion process. As indicated above, if the expandable liner 6 has been damaged, the entire down-hole section may become useless and may then need to be removed, at considerable costs. The expandable coating arrangement of the present invention thus greatly improves reliability in this regard.
    [00078] The radial load during expansion in the cladding 6 and in the formation depends for example on one or more of the surface angle of the ramp 70, the friction between the wedge member 62 and the cladding 6, the friction between the wedge member 62 and the anchor arm 60, the formation hardness, the distance between the cladding wall and the formation during expansion, etc. The surface angle of the ramp is preferably designed such that a maximum radial force is applied, while at the same time the radial load remains within the radial collapse load of the coating.
    [00079] As the radial and axial loads on the wall of the tubular element are limited, the present modality is suitable for relatively hard formations, such as those, for example, having a strength or hardness of for example 3000 psi (20 MPa) to 4000 psi (28 MPa) or more. In addition, the radial load on the wall can be limited by limiting the overlap between the anchor arm and the wedge member, and / or by limiting the contact area between the anchor arm and the formation. In a practical embodiment, the surface angle of the ramp 70 is in the range of 30 to 60 degrees, for example about 45 degrees.
    [00080] In this way the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 is firmly anchored to the well hole wall 5 after the expansion of the lower end part 16. Therefore the position of the lower end part 16 in the well bore 1 no longer changes during the further expansion of the liner, and thus provides a reference point, for example during the installation of a next tubular element in the well hole at a later stage or during a reconditioning operation in the well hole. This is advantageous since it makes clear the need to determine the position of the lower end part 16 of the liner 6 at such a later stage.
    [00081] With the lower end part 16 of the liner firmly anchored to the well bore wall 5, the expander 12 is pulled further up through the liner 6 in order to radially expand the remaining part of the liner. The upper end of the liner with the top anchor 20 connected to it moves downwards due to the axial shortening of the liner during the expansion process, whereby the anchor members 24 automatically release the inner surface of the liner 3 as explained here previously. While the expander 12 passes through the upper end part 8 of the liner 6, said upper end part 8 is thus coated against the liner 3 in order to form a fluid and strong connection between the expanded liner 6 and the liner 3. Optionally the outer surface of the upper end portion 8 of the liner can be provided with one or more elastomeric seals to improve the fluid seal between the expanded upper end 8 and the liner 3.
    [00082] At this stage the release connection 18 of the drill string 10 is pushed against the top anchor release device 20 so that the anchor members 24 thus move to their retracted positions. By pulling the drill string 10 further upwards, the expander 12 pushes the arms 26 of the top anchor 20 out of the upper end part 8 of the liner 6. The drill string 10 with the expander 12, the centralizer 15 and the top 20 attached to it, is then recovered to the surface.
    [00083] The cement body 80 in the annular space 7 is allowed to harden after the expansion process is completed. Due to the bend 55 which forms an annular sealing member, no substantial volume of hardened cement is present in the lower portion 92 of the annular space 7 after the expansion process is completed.
    [00084] Therefore only a smaller cement plug, or no cement plug, needs to be drilled if well 1 is to be drilled deeper. If a next expandable liner is to be installed in the well hole, the already expanded liner takes on the role of the liner. So it is preferred that a slightly smaller diameter expander or an expandable collapsible expander is used to expand that next coating to allow the expander to be lowered with some play through the already expanded coating.
    [00085] The alternative embodiment of the system according to the invention, as shown in Fig. 15 is similar to the embodiment described here above with reference to Figs. 1 to 14, except that the drill column 10 extends below the expander 12 and there is provided with a drill assembly that includes a collapsible subcarrier 94 and a drill tool that can be guided 96 having a drill bit pilot 98. The subcarrier 94, when in collapsed mode, and the drillable tool that can be guided 96 are smaller in diameter than the inner diameter of the expanded liner 6 so as to allow the subcarrier 94 and the drilling tool that can guided to be recovered to the surface through the expanded coating 6.
    [00086] The normal operation of the alternative modality shown in Fig. 15 is similar to the normal operation of the modality described here previously with reference to Figs. 1 to 14, except that open pit hole section 4 is not drilled using a separate drill column prior to lowering the casing to well hole 1. Instead, the open pit hole section is drilled using the subcarrier 94 and the drillable tool 96. After drilling with the subcarrier 94 and the drillable tool 96, the liner 6 is expanded in the manner described here previously. It is an advantage of the alternative embodiment that the liner 6 is drilled to the target depth and subsequently expanded without requiring an extra round trip. In order to provide adequate flow area for drilling fluid during drilling of the borehole section 4, it is preferred that the expander 12 can be collapsed to a relatively small diameter.
    [00087] In exemplary embodiments, the foldable wall section of the wall of the extensible tubular element may be about 50% or less in thickness than the remaining thickness of the tubular element, for example about 40% or less. The length of the foldable wall section is, for example, in the range of about 50 to 500 mm, for example in the range of about 75 to 150 mm. The expansion ratio of the tubular element, the ratio of the tube diameter of the tube being expanded to the tube diameter of the tube before expansion, can be in the range of 5 to 25%, for example about 10 to 20%. The expansion ratio of the folding wall section, the ratio of the outside diameter of the folding wall section after expansion to the outside diameter of the folding wall section before expansion, can be in the range of 30% to 60%, for example. example about 40 to 55%. After expansion, the folded section can seal against an enclosed wall (such as the well-hole wall), which provides a fluid seal of more than 50 bar, or for example more than about 150 bar. Here, the fluid seal provides isolation of the zone between the annular areas above and below the folded section respectively. The folding force required to expand and fold the section that can be folded is, for example, in the range of about 250 to 1000 kN, for example 400 to 700 kN. Tubular elements can be substantially made of solid steel.
    [00088] A number of tests have been carried out on tube samples having a foldable wall section to test the formation of annular folds under compressive loading and subsequent radial expansion of the folds thus formed, as described hereinafter.
    [00089] Test 1
    [00090] The test samples have a foldable wall section according to the fifth modality described here previously (Figs. 8 and 9). In addition, the test samples have the following characteristics:
    [00091] manufacturer: V&M
    [00092] material: S355J2H
    [00093] outer diameter: 139.7 mm
    [00094] wall thickness: 10 mm
    [00095] elastic limit: 388 MPa
    [00096] tensile strength: 549 MPa
    [00097] production method: seamless
    [00098] heat treatment: standardized
    [00099] The tube sample has a section with a reduced thickness of 3.5 mm, a section which has a length of 100 mm. To ensure proper centering of the machining and a uniform wall thickness in the reduced section area, the wall was recessed both on the inner and outer surfaces. In addition, a small annular groove is provided on the inner surface of the reduced wall thickness section to initiate the folding action and decrease the necessary compressive folding force. The tube samples were lubricated internally with the Malleus STC1 lubricant prior to expansion. The expander used to expand the samples is a Sverker21 material with an outside diameter of 140.2 mm. The expansion ratio, the ratio of the increase in pipe diameter to the diameter before expansion, with the expander is 17%.
    [000100] A compressive load was applied by the expander to the sample to cause the folding wall section to fold into an accordion shape. The test showed that the force required to initiate bending is about 450 kN. The applied load caused the iterative formation of wrinkles in the sample, which involve a folded section. The folded section has less axial stiffness and collapse resistance than the rest of the sample, leading to a significant drop in axial load during the formation of each bend. The external diameter of the fold thus formed was 170.4 mm. This corresponds to an equivalent expansion ratio of 37%. The load applied to the expander was then increased to pull the expander through the tube sample to expand the sample radially. The outside diameter of the fold after being expanded was 185.1 mm, which corresponds to an equivalent expansion ratio of about 50%. Tests have shown that the average expansion load, that is, the force required to move the expander through the sample, is about 520 kN with a peak load of 650 kN during bending expansion.
    [000101] Test 2
    [000102] The test samples have a foldable wall section according to the fifth modality described here previously (Figs. 8 and 9). In addition, the test samples have the following characteristics:
    [000103] manufacturer: V&M
    [000104] material: S355J2H
    [000105] outer diameter: 139.7 mm
    [000106] wall thickness: 10 mm
    [000107] elastic limit: 388 MPa
    [000108] tensile strength: 549 MPa
    [000109] production method: seamless
    [000110] heat treatment: standardized
    [000111] The tube sample has a section with a reduced thickness of 3.5 mm, a section which has a length of 100 mm. To ensure proper centering of the machining and a uniform wall thickness in the reduced section area, the wall was recessed both on the inner and outer surfaces. In addition, a small annular groove is provided on the inner surface of the reduced wall thickness section to initiate the folding action and decrease the necessary compressive folding force. The tube samples were lubricated internally with the Malleus STC1 lubricant prior to expansion. The expander used to expand the samples is a Sverker21 material with an outside diameter of 140.2 mm. The expansion ratio, the ratio of the increase in pipe diameter to the diameter before expansion, with the expander is 17%. The sample was positioned and expanded into a S355J2H steel tube with an internal diameter of 174.7 mm and a wall thickness of 9.5 mm.
    [000112] A compressive load was applied by the expander to the sample to cause the folding wall section to fold into an accordion shape. The test showed that the force required to initiate bending is about 450 kN. The applied load caused the iterative formation of wrinkles in the sample, which involve a folded section. The folded section has less axial stiffness and collapse resistance than the rest of the sample, leading to a significant drop in axial load during the formation of each bend. The load applied to the expander was then increased to pull the expander through the tube sample to expand the sample radially. The outer diameter of the fold after being expanded was in contact with the inner diameter of the outer tube which corresponds to an equivalent expansion ratio of about 41%. Tests have shown that the average expansion load, that is, the force required to move the expander through the sample, is about 520 kN with a peak load of 850 kN during bending expansion. The annular space between the inner and outer tubes was subjected to water pressure. The pressure test revealed a pressure seal of about 200 bar.
    [000113] The present invention is not limited to the modalities described above, in which many modifications are acceptable within the scope of the appended claims. Functionalities of the respective modalities can, for example, be combined.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [0001]
    1. A system for coating a well hole, comprising: an extensible tubular element (6) for arrangement in the well hole (1), the tubular element having a first end part (16) and a second end part ( 8), the second end part being adapted to extend into a liner (3) located in the well hole and the first end part (16) being adapted to extend into an open hole section (4) of the hole well; an expander (12) arranged to radially expand the tubular element by moving the expander through the tubular element (6) in a direction from the first end part to the second end part, in such a direction defining an expansion direction; and a top anchor (20) arranged to anchor the second end part to the lining (3); and, a bottom anchor provided in the first end part (16) of the tubular element (6) and adapted to anchor the first end part (16) to the wall (5) of the open hole section (4) of the well hole as a result of the radial expansion of the first end part (16) by the expander (12), characterized by the fact that: the top anchor (20) prevents the movement of the second end part (8) in the direction of expansion and allows the movement of the second end part in the direction opposite to the expansion direction; and, the top anchor (20) provides the necessary reaction force to counteract the expansion forces exerted on the tubular element (6) by the expander (12).
    [0002]
    2. System according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that: the top anchor (20) is provided with an anchor body (22) and at least one anchor member (24) arranged to secure the lining (3 ) through a selected movement of the anchor body (22) in the direction of expansion; and, the anchor member (24) is arranged to release the liner (3) through a selected movement of the anchor body (22) in the direction opposite to the direction of expansion.
    [0003]
    System according to claim 2, characterized in that the top anchor (20) is provided with a plurality of anchor members (24) mutually spaced in the circumferential direction of the top anchor (20).
    [0004]
    System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each top anchor member is movable between a radially extended position in which the anchor member (24) is extended against the liner (3) and a radially retracted position in which the anchor member is retracted from said lining (3).
    [0005]
    5. System according to claim 4, characterized by the fact that an elongated column (10) extends from the surface to the top anchor (20), the elongated column (10) being arranged to cooperate with the anchor of top in order to move each anchor member between its extended position and its retracted position.
    [0006]
    6. System according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that each anchor member (24) is movable to the extended position through an activation parameter selected from the hydraulic pressure in the elongated column (10), a sequence of rotations and translations of the elongated column, and a combination of hydraulic pressure in the elongated column and a sequence of rotations and translations of the elongated column.
    [0007]
    System according to either of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the elongated column (10) is provided with a release connection (18) and the top anchor (20) is provided with a release device , the release connection (18) and the release device being arranged to cooperate with each other in order to induce the anchor member (24) to move to the stowed position by pulling the release connection against the release device.
    [0008]
    System according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the elongated column (10) is arranged to pull the expander (12) through the tubular element (6) in the direction of expansion in order to expand the tubular element.
    [0009]
    System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it additionally comprises a centralizer (15) to centralize the expander (12) in relation to the tubular element (6), the centralizer extending in the first part of end (16) of the tubular element (6) and being releasably connected to it.
    [0010]
    10. System according to claim 9, characterized in that the centralizer (15) is adapted to be released from the first end part (16) of the tubular element (6) by pulling the expander (12) through the element tubular in the direction of expansion.
    [0011]
    System according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the tubular element (6) is provided with sealing means to seal an annular space (7) between the tubular element (6) and a wall ( 5) surrounding the tubular element (6), the sealing means of which include a folding wall section (39) of the tubular element (6), the folding wall section (39) having a reduced bending stiffness in relation to a section remaining wall of the tubular element (6) and being deformable from an unfolded to a folded mode by applying a compressive bending force to the tubular element (6), where the foldable wall section (39) when in the folded mode it comprises at least one annular fold (55) which extends radially outwards to said annular space (7).
    [0012]
    System according to claim 11, characterized in that the folding wall section (39) having reduced folding stiffness comprises a reduced thickness wall section in relation to the remaining wall section.
    [0013]
    13. System according to claim 12, characterized by the fact that the reduced thickness wall section in the folded mode thereof has a plurality of folds (55) in an accordion shape.
    [0014]
    System according to claim 11, characterized in that the wall section of reduced bending stiffness (39) comprises one or more annular grooves (50, 51, 52) formed in the tubular element (6).
    [0015]
    System according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized by the fact that: an expansion force must be applied to the expander (12) in order to move the expander (12) through the tubular element (6) during radial expansion of the tubular element (6); and, the reduced bending stiffness of the folding wall section (39) is selected in such a way that the magnitude of the bending force is less than the magnitude of the expansion force.
    [0016]
    A method for coating a well hole as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising: arranging an extensible tubular element (6) for arrangement in the well hole (1), the tubular element (6) having a first end part (16) and a second end part (8), the second end part extending within a liner (3) located in the well bore and the first end part (16) extending in a section open bore (4) of the borehole; radially expand the tubular element (6) by moving the expander (12) through the tubular element (6) in a direction from the first end part (16) to the second end part (8), the direction defining an expansion direction; anchor the second end part to the lining (3) using top anchor (20); and anchoring the first end part (16) to the wall (5) of the open hole section (4) of the well hole using a bottom anchor (59) provided in the first end part (16) of the tubular element (6) as a result of the radial expansion of the first end part (16) by the expander (12); characterized by the fact that the top anchor (20) prevents the movement of the second end part (8) in the direction of expansion and allows the movement of the second end part in the direction opposite to the direction of expansion.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2012213520A1|2013-07-25|
    DK201370465A|2013-08-27|
    BR112013018308A2|2020-07-21|
    US9422794B2|2016-08-23|
    EP2670941B1|2019-08-21|
    DK180336B1|2020-12-08|
    CN103348095A|2013-10-09|
    CN103348095B|2017-11-28|
    CN106761594A|2017-05-31|
    WO2012104257A1|2012-08-09|
    EP2670941A1|2013-12-11|
    US20130312954A1|2013-11-28|
    AU2012213520B2|2015-09-10|
    CN106761594B|2020-06-16|
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    法律状态:
    2020-08-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2020-08-18| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-12-08| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-02-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 30/01/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
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    EP11152987|2011-02-02|
    EP11152987.1|2011-02-02|
    PCT/EP2012/051461|WO2012104257A1|2011-02-02|2012-01-30|System for lining a wellbore|
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